The Schmincke Horadam Aquarell Watercolor Pan Sets feature superior quality, natural ingredients that are carefully selected each year for every formula for highest optimization. These traditional formulas since 1881 are the same in pans and tubes and are used by classic artists like Emil Nolde and Oskar Kokoschka. An optimal amount of Oxgall enables the artist to decide (and not the paint!) as to where the paint should flow moist or stay dry on the paper. Schmincke has been developing and manufacturing its Horadam line of watercolors since 1881, and the company is now owned by the fourth generation of the original family. Schmincke has a reputation for using only the highest-quality natural gums, water-soluble resins, and pigments. Made in Germany.